Superb Quality, Large Two and One-Half Carat Lemon-Lime Amber Semi-Precious Gemstone Oval Cabochon.

CLASSIFICATION: Oval Baltic "Lemon-Lime" Amber Semi-Precious Gemstone.

ATTRIBUTION: 19th Century Kaliningrad, Russia. Contemporary Backing Material.

SIZE/DIMENSIONS:

SIZE: Length: 14mm. Width: 10mm. Depth: 5mm. All measurements approximate.

WEIGHT: 2.48 carats.

NOTES: Upon request we can set your gemstone as pendant, ring, or into earrings.

DETAIL: A beautiful, fine grade antique gemstone quality "lemon-lime" colored Baltic Sea amber cabochon. Hand crafted by a 19th century Russian artisan, part of an heritage renown for the production of the elaborate gemstones and jewelry of the Czars of Medieval, Renaissance, and Victorian Russia. Originally used in indigenous jewelry, this is a very pretty precious gemstone. You can see a pattern inside the gemstone which is actually caused by minute fractures and air bubbles within the gemstone, cleverly cut and finished so that these fractured cleavages and air bubbles are properly oriented so as to present flat planes to the viewer. It's truly a magical effect. The problem with such these antique handcrafted gemstones is that they tend to be very fragile and easy to fracture. A sharp blow - even when set into a ring - and the gemstone could possibly break into several pieces.

In that respect, amber gemstones such as this specimen are as fragile as opals, which also tend to disintegrate and become more fragile over time. So we added a backer to the flat back side of the gemstone so as to enhance the integrity of and stabilize the gemstone. Now the gemstone is not only very durable and strong, the marvelous internal features are accentuated by the black backing material. Throughout medieval and Renaissance Europe, in fact even going back in time to the ancient Mediterranean world, amber gemstones were widely employed in the construction of jewelry. Throughout Renaissance and Victorian Europe amber pendants were principally manufactured in the "Holyland" from Lebanese amber. However the finest jewelry was created using much more costly (and finer) fossilized Baltic Amber. This particular piece is of the rarer and more costly Baltic Amber.

Archaeological evidence suggests that amber has been used as jewelry for at least 10,000-15,000 years, picked up by beach-combing Neolithic peoples of the Baltic and Black Seas, and along the shores of the Mediterranean. The very earliest Mesopotamian cultures, later to include especially the Sumerians and Babylonians, and eventually even later the Phoenicians, traded extensively in amber gemstones. The ancient Greeks and Romans as well enjoyed the beautiful tones of amber, and it was extensively used in jewelry. And of course from the (Western) Roman Empire to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire the passion for amber was passed forward, into the medieval, Renaissance, and Victorian worlds. This gorgeous memento of a world past comes from a highly regulated and restricted supply of Baltic Sea Amber:made even more rare by its age.

HISTORY: Amber is fossil tree resin from long-extinct coniferous (pine) tress. Amber has been found throughout the world, but the largest and most significant deposits occur along the shores of the Baltic Sea in sands between 40 and 60 million years old. Amber has been treasured and used for millennia; beads, necklaces, buttons, and other ornamental carved objects have been made from this gemstone. Stone Age peoples believed that amber contained the resting place of the spirit, or soul, and that amber possessed supernatural properties. For this reason it was a very powerful material from which to fashion magical amulets. Archaeologists have found amber pendants, beads, brooches and statuettes of people at excavation sites of Stone Age settlements, and believe that the statuettes and amulets represented protectors - world rulers - of those times.

An enormous collection of ancient amber amulets was discovered in 1860. The amulets dated back to the 3rd millennium B.C., and were known collectively as the "Juodkrante Treasure". Consisting of 434 ancient pieces, all were described in the book "Stone Age Amber Adornments" published in 1882. Unfortunately the entire collection disappeared during World War II, and has never been located. Amber had great value and significance to the Assyrians, Egyptians, Etruscans, Phoenicians, and Greeks. During the 2nd millennium B.C., amber was partly responsible for a network of roads built to facilitate the trade. The first trade roads archaeologists have evidence for are from the ancient Biblical/Mesopotamian city of Ur (home of Abraham). By about 1500 B.C. many of the roads in eastern and central Europe had linked together into an extensive trading network known as the "Amber Routes". The ancient amber trade route ran from the Baltic Sea, down the Elbe River, and on to the Danube. From there roads led overland through the Brenner Pass into Italy, the heart of the Roman Empire. From Rome the roads wove throughout the far-flung empire. One principal route ran all the way from Italy to Spain via Marseille and nearby Heraclea, close to present-day Avignon. These roads were constructed of multiple layers of logs, and remnants of some of these roads dating back to before 1,500 B.C. still exist.

For the better part of a millennium, Rome was the undisputed center of the amber industry in the ancient world. The Romans sent armies to conquer and control amber producing areas. Exotic ornaments made of amber were in great demand. The Romans apparently valued amber even more than the Baltic slaves who harvested the amber. During the reign of Nero, who was himself a great connoisseur of amber, the great Roman historian Pliny wrote that the price of an amber figurine, no matter how small, exceeded the price of a living healthy slave. Not until the third century A.D., when wars with the Goths made such trade in luxury items unsustainable, did the Roman domination of the amber industry come to an end. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Baltic region eventually came under the rule of the Dukes of Pomerania and, later, the Teutonic Knights, who exercised absolute control over all aspects of the amber trade. They even prohibited the unsupervised collection of amber on beaches under penalty of hanging, and required fishermen to swear an oath that they would not retain the amber that came up with their nets. Even the mere possession of raw amber was illegal in most of Europe by the year 1400. As the Knight's power waned, trade guilds became increasingly important players in the amber trade. The amber guild established in Danzig in 1477 still exists today. During medieval times, especially within the Byzantine Empire, amber was considered the best material for rosary beads due to its smooth silky feel. The Germans burned amber as incense, so they called it bernstein, or "burn stone."

Amber gained a great deal of popularity recently after the release of the movie Jurassic Park. You'll recall that "dino dna" was extracted from mosquitoes which had "dined" on "dino blood", and then been trapped within amber. Far-fetched? In 1994, a molecular biologist at Cal Poly extracted DNA from a weevil that was trapped in amber 120 to 135 million years ago, when dinosaurs roamed the earth. The amber, which was from the Lower Cretaceous period, was mined in the mountains of Lebanon south of Beirut. The amber was part of a collection of amber pieces containing 700 insects, including termites, moths, caterpillars, spiders, scorpions, and midges, which did suck dinosaur blood. Contemporarily, the largest mining operation for amber in the Baltic region is in Russia, west of Kaliningrad, which produces about 90% of the world's best gem-grade amber. Baltic amber is also found in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Poland; and occasionally washes up on the shores of the Baltic Sea as far away as Denmark, Norway, and England. Other amber sources include Burma (Myanmar), Lebanon, Sicily, Mexico, Romania, Germany, and Canada.

SHIPPING OPTIONS: All purchases are backed by an unlimited guarantee of satisfaction and authenticity. If for any reason you are not entirely satisfied with your purchase, you may return it for a complete and immediate refund of your entire purchase price. Most of these antique gemstones were originally part of two collections, one originating in India principally composed of gemstones originally mined in India, Burma, Ceylon, and Siam, and then hand faceted in India. The addition of a second accumulation of antique gemstones originally mined in the Urals in the mid to late 19th century (including alexandrite) completed the collection. These gemstones as well were hand finished. The Urals have been one of the world's major sources of precious and semi-precious gemstones for many centuries. As well, additional specimens are occasionally acquired from other institutions and dealers in Eastern Europe and Asia. These antique gemstones are now in the United States and are available for immediate delivery.

We ship inventory from the USA order fulfillment center near Seattle, Washington. Your purchase will ordinarily be shipping within 48 hours of payment. A certificate of authenticity is available upon request. We prefer your personal check or money order over any other form of payment - and we will ship immediately upon receipt of your check (no "holds"). We will accept PayPal payments. Please see our "ADDITIONAL TERMS OF SALE".